Internalism vs Externalism :: essays research papers

Internalism vs. ExternalismKnowledge can be achieved either through the justification of a align spirit or for the substantive externalist, through a natural or law like connection between the truth of what is believed and the persons belief (P.135). Suppose a man named George was implanted with a chip at birth, which ca designs him to utter the time in a rare Russian dialect. His girlfriend Irina, who happens to mouth the same Russian dialect, realizes that every time she taps his shoulder, he tells her the time and he is always right. She knows that he is right because she checks her watch. Because she thinks this is cute, she never tells him what it is that he is saying. One day, Irinas watch breaks but instead of getting it fixed, she just taps George on the shoulder whenever she needs to have for the time. We may ask ourselves whether it is appropriate to claim that George has familiarity of the time every time he utters it. The answer is NO. Irina has been amused by his R ussian utterances and has thus never told him what the words he says mean in English. So if Irina were to ask George what time it was, in English, he would be unable to tell her without looking at a watch or clock. This is due to the concomitant that when he speaks the time in Russian, his mind is not really referring to the time. The chip implanted in his brain clearly calculates the time on its own, not requiring the use of any of his bodily functions. The only interaction that the chip would have with George is to cause him to utter the appropriate numbers. So, since his brain is not involved in any scheming processes and all he does is utter the time in a foreign language, it is clear that George does not understand what he is saying. Without understand, it is obvious that he cannot form a belief based on what he are saying. If the requirement for knowledge is a true belief that is either justified or connected by natural law to a factual truth, then in the absence of a belief , there can be no knowledge. We may also ask ourselves whether Irina knows the time. The answer once again is NO. She believes that she knows the time because whenever she has tapped George on the shoulder, he has given her the correct time.