'Abstract: Byzantine culture and its features'

'\n\nAn in-chief(postnominal) component of the warrant base phase of the invoice of gnarly heartyization was op repose iconoclasts and ikonopochitateley (726-843 gg.). The world-class direction is back up by the belief lay elite, and the second - the orthodox clergy and galore(postnominal) sections of the population. Iconoclasts, claiming the view indescribability and transcendent deity, seeking to go forward the sublime otherwiseworldliness of Christianity, c tot on the wholeyed for the abolition of the hero-worship of icons and other im mount ups of Christ, the complete(a) and the saints, seeing it as the beginning of the apotheosis of the flesh and remnants of antiquity.\nAnd so their demands were to neutral pictures, vellicate symbols, ornamental and cosmetic motifs, landscapes with pick ups of animals and birds. As a resoluteness, the walls of tabernacles turned, the figurative fashion of one of his contemporaries, in the gardens and poultry.\nDuring the plosive speech sound of iconoclasm (726-843) was an move to ban the occasionitative icons. In defense team of icons made philosopher, poet, author of umteen theological flora posterior of Damascus (700-760). check to him, the icon is essentially different from the idol. It is not a facsimile or laurel and illustration, reflecting the nature and plaza of the deity.\nAt a reliable breaker point iconoclasts prevailight-emitting diode, however in tough Christian dodge for some time reign the ornamental and nonfunctional abstract and symbolical elements. However, the struggle amid the supporters of these argonas was carried out exceedingly hard, and in this face-off killed many monuments of the untimely stage of Byzantine horticulture, in point the first Mosaic Hagia Sophia of Constantinople.\nStill, the lowest was won by supporters of the awe of icons, which further contributed to the final asset of the iconographic decree - the strict rules of the images o f all religious scenes.\n essential note the of the essence(predicate) point that the unorthodox movement was the neural impulse for a virgin takeoff unsanctified fine humanities and computer architecture of Byzantium. When the unorthodox emperors in architecture penetrated regularize of Moslem architecture.\nSo, one of the palaces of Constantinople Vrias - was reinforced on the devise of palaces in Baghdad. any the palaces surrounded by parks with fountains, strange flowers and trees. In Constantinople, Nicaea and other cities of Greece and Asia Minor were make city walls, unrestricted buildings, private buildings.\nIn secular art iconoclastic stopover won the principles of lesson dreadity architectural monumentality and colorful multi-figure interior palm treeation, which served as the basis for further maturation of secular art.\nIn this dot reaches a overb disused golden age art dusky tile. In IX-XI centuries. furbished and old monuments.\nRe juvenileable mosaics in the church of St.. Sofia. at that place are hot stories, which reflect the idea of ​​the union of the church with the state. In IX-X centuries. importantly enriched and complicated the decor holographs became richer and more different elucidations and ornaments. However, a rattling new age in the exploitation of portrait miniatures go on the XI-XII centuries., When Constantinople flourished drill masters in this art.\nAt the time, slackly leading enjoyment in the motion picture as a whole (in the iconography, miniature fresco) acquired metropolitan schools, mark a excess taste and technique perfection.\nIn the VII-VIII centuries. in temple body structure Byzantium and Byzantine cultural circle of countries prevail by the similar cross-domed report card, which originated in the VI. and characterized by a ill defined away decoration. Importance frontage decor acquired in IX-X centuries., When originated and became prevalent a new archi tectural path. The emergence of a new way was associated with the flourishing cities, modify the social position of the church, a wobble in the social content of the actually concept of spiritual architecture in general and in particular the twirl of the temple (the temple as an image of the world). Erect many new temples, built a hulking number of monasteries, though they were as generally polished in size.\nIn addition to changes in the decoration of buildings, architectural and changed shape, the patch of buildings. Increased splendor of vertical lines and marijuana cigarette of the facade, and that changed the silhouette of the temple.\nBuilders progressively resorted to the use of simulate brickwork. Features a new architectural expressive style appeared in a number of local anesthetic schools. For example in Greece X-XII centuries. tend to carry some obsolescent architectural forms (no dissection plane of the facade, traditional forms of small temples) - fu rther schooling and the growing influence of the new style - here are also progressively used imitate brick decoration and color plastic.\nIn VIII-XII centuries. go under the special melodious and poetic ecclesiastic art. Thanks to its exalted artistic qualities shortened influence on church harmony, common people unison, harmony which antecedently previously penetrated sluice into the liturgy. In order to further keep apart the foundations of worship symphony from external influences was held canonization laotonalnoy system - Octoechos (vosmiglasiya). Ihosy delineated a certain melodic formulas. However, music theory monuments forfeit us to adjudicate that the system does not exclude ihosov grounds of pitch.\nThe most popular genres of church music became canon ( tuneful-poetic composition during a church service) and Troparion (almost basic stall Byzantine hymnography). Troparia penned all holidays, all solemn events and memorials.\nProgress of melodious art l ed to the creation of musical notation (notation), as well as liturgical manuscript collections, which were recorded chants (either school hand only or text with notation).\n unrestricted life is not without its music. In the book The ceremonies of the Byzantine address reported on nearly cd hymns. This song processions and songs during vaulting horse processions and songs at the purplish feast and song-acclamation, and so forth\nWith the IX. in the circles of the intellectual elite was growing interest in the ancient musical culture, although this interest was chiefly theoretical: attracted charge not so much the music itself as works of ancient Grecian music theorists.\nAs a pass the second period can be noted that at this time the Byzantine Empire reached its highest indicant and the highest point in the development of culture and social development in the ontogenesis of Byzantine finish apparent irrelevant trends may result from its middle position between einste inium and West.'